Dear Yuichi:
This letter is in answer to your post cards of May 7 and 15 and to your
most informative letter. One post card arrived the day before I left for
Virginia. The other one and the letter was waiting for me when I returned
home. However, I will first tell you about the trip to Virginia.
Taeko and Nori arrived there about an hour and a half before I got there
on Tuesday afternoon. They are very nice and gracious ( polite ) ladies.
I enjoyed being with them because we quickly became very relaxed ( friendly
) with each other. We had a good time when we were together. We laughed
and joked ( told funny stories ) often. They were very well received (
welcomed and accepted ) by the people at the reunion. According to Joe
Alexander, there were only two men there who resented or did not like
any Japanese being at the meeting. This is understandable because I would
expect some Japanese would not like my attending a Japanese military reunion.
I am glad that there were only two men who did not like their being there.
All of the other people enjoyed meeting Taeko and Nori. The two ladies
made many friends. I was told many times how happy the people were to
meet and visit with them. Everywhere they went the people wanted to stop
and talk to them. The two ladies were very busy taking pictures and writing
notes. I think Taeko and Nori had a good time and felt that the trip was
worthwhile. I enjoyed the times when the three of us were away from the
meeting and were able to visit without interruptions. There was only one
night when we had time to go out from the hotel for a seafood dinner.
I also enjoyed watching them when we went aboard the U.S.S. Bataan at
the Norfolk Naval Base. They were like two young children, who were amazed
at what they saw, as we toured the ship which was named for the battle
at Bataan and for the soldiers who fought there. It was fortunate that
the ship was in port when we were in Hampton. We went to the airport together
because their plane left for Washington D.C. shortly before my plane left
for Atlanta and Austin. Nori went to New York to visit her daughter in
New Jersey and Taeko flew back to Japan. I hope that they did not have
any problems on getting to their destinations. I am sure that they will
tell you more about their visit to Hampton. Now I will try to reply to
your post cards and letter. I may have to stop and then restart writing
because there are some things which I must do today which will cause me
to interrupt my writing to you. Hopefully, I will still be able to get
this letter mailed to you by tomorrow.
I put a notice on the bulletin board at the meeting and asked for anyone
who was at the Ashio camp and knew Commander Hurt to contact me. I located
only one man who was there, but he did not remember Hurt or Enomoto being
there. His memory was not good. He could not give me any information about
the camp. This was a disappointment to me. I am glad that you were able
to give me more information about the camp and about the interpreter Enomoto.
I have been able to locate the camp on a map.
It is regretfully that the translation I received from my aunt and cousin
about the TV show was incorrect. You and Nori have given me a better understanding
of the show.
Please thank Tobita for answering my question about where Gen. Tojo slept
when he was in Omori. I had guessed from several photographs which had
showed him in Omori that he had stayed in the same room which Maher and
I shared. The bedbugs and lice which he had complained about while he
was in the room may have been the same ones which had bitten Maher and
myself;although I doubt it. It is interesting to know that after Tojo's
two visits to Omori and especially after I had the opportunite to meet
him that he was to occupy the same room where I stayed. That is an unusual
coincidence. Thank you and Tobita for confirming this fact. I will not
write Tobita because of his not understanding English.
Your letter was very interesting and informative. It contained a lot of
information which I am glad to know about.
I was very curious about the name George Enomoto when I first saw
it printed. I had presumed that this could have been an alteration ( change
) of a Japanese name into an American sounding name. I am glad to have
the correct name. The POWs often referred to an individual by how their
Japanese name sounded in English. This is how we gave some Japanese a
nickname ( a familiar form of a proper name ) when we could not pronounce
their name in Japanese. Others were given nicknames because of their looks,
their way of walking or because of their behavior towards us. Horseface
reminded the men of a horse. The bouncy and jerky walk of the Marionette
was like a puppet on a string. Gentleman Jim behaved like a gentleman.
Some nicknames were complimentary ( with respect ) and others were not.
Incidentally, you did not receive a nickname because your name was easy
to remember and to pronounce. The POWs had nicknames for each other.
I must stop writing now because I must get ready for an appointment this
morning. I will continue writing either this afternoon or tomorrow morning.
My usual daily routine is to work at my desk or in the apartment in the
mornings. The afternoon are spent in going out to the post office, laundry,
grocery store, doctor's office or whatever is necessary. The evenings
are reserved for resting, going out to eat or to visit with friends.
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Wednesday morning.
I have looked at the photograph of the "Camp Commanders" and
I have made the additional identities and notes which you have given to
me. "Radar" is the device ( instrument ) which is used to locate
objects in the sky and on the surface of the earth. It sends out radio
waves. When the waves hit an object, like an airplane, the waves are reflecte
back to the radar instrument and the airplane appears as a "blip"
(dot) on an electronic screen. The operator of the radar can tell the
direction and how far away the object is from the receiver. Ships and
submarines use a simila device called "Sonar" to locate objects
under water. It uses sound waves. Both electronic devices were developed
during the earlier part of the war. Now they are used in all airplanes
and ships.
Your detailed references about the Ashio Camp were of great help to me
in understanding more about the camp. I have located in on a detailed
map of Japan.
I did not remember about Commander Hurt being sent to Ashio. Hopefully,
his son will be able to tell me more about the transfer.
Sgt.Shibui(sp.) has provided us with some very important information which
has given me a better understanding of how the companies for the use of
POW labor and how the money was distributed. This information plus some
additional bits or pieces of information has helped me to come to the
following conclusions.
1. Each company paid the Japanese military
a specified amount for the use of each POW per day. The amount apparently
from company to company depending upon a contract agreement between
the company and the military.
The Japanese Work Officer at Omori POW Camp ( Tokyo ) negotiated the
contracts with the individual companies
The amount was 1 Yen per POW per day at the Yokohama Stadium Camp
and at Niigata as verified by Sgt.Shibui, when he was the Japanese
Pay Sergeant at these camps.
2.The Japanese military subtracted ( or kept ) some of the amount
for administration expenses.
The amount kept was 85 Sen per day for each NCO and 90 Sen per day
for each Private at Yokohama and Niigata.( Sgt.Shibui )
3.The remaing amounts were given (?) to the individual POW. How these
amounts were given to each POW and if the POW actually received any
part of the amount are in questioned.
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I stopped writing when I got to the bottom of the
previous page so that I could put an expanded account of the payment information
onto a separate page. It was written quickly and will need to be rewritten
later after I have a chance to review it and make any necessary changes.
Please give me your comments about it.
Incidently, I forgot to mention that the ADBC
meeting next year will be in San Antonio, Texas. I had not planned to
go to any more of their meetings, but I may go to that one for just several
days because it is near Austin.
I will enclose some photos from virginia after I get them from the photo
studio tomorrow.
Thank you for the detailed and valuable information.
Sincerely
Bob
Robert R. Martindale
P.S. Joe Alexander said he would be in Japan in August. Please do not
show or tell him about the enclosed draft of my tabulation of the payments
because it needs to be rewritten and perhaps corrected before it is shown
to anyone. They could mis-read what I was trying to say or do.
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Payment for Prisoners-of-War Labour
1. Each company paid the Japanese military a specified amount for the use
of each POW per day. The amount apparently varied from company to company
depending upon a contract agreement between the company and the military.
The Japanese
Work Officer at Omori POW Camp (Tokyo) negotiated the contract with
the individual companies.
The amount was 1 Yen per POW per day at the Yokohama Stadium Camp
and at Niigata as verified by Sgt.Shibui, when he was the Japanese
Pay Sergeant at these camps.
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2. The Japanese military subtracted ( or kept ) some
of the amount for administration expenses.
The amount kept was 85 Sen per day
for each NCO and 90 Sen per day for each Private at Yokohama and Niigata.
(Sgt.Shibui ) |
3. The remaing amounts were given (?) to the individual
POW. How these amounts wer given to each POW and if the POW actually received
any part of the amount are in question.
What is
known at the Omori POW Camp is that a small portion of the remaining
amount was credited to the individual's account at the small canteen
in the camp. The credit could be used to purchase items ( tooth brushes,
notebooks, curry powder and etc. ) from the very small stock available.
It can be presumed, based upon how the accounts for the POW officers
were handled, that most of the remaining amount was deposited into
a POW account at a bank. Some facts are not known.
Were the remaining amounts deposited into a general POW account or
were they deposited in the name of the individual POW?
What happened when a POW was transferred to another camp?
What happen to the deposited funds at the end of the war? It is known
that the POWs did not receive any monies from these accounts at the
end of the war.
Some POW enlisted men have stated that they received some money for
a short time at another camp during the early part of the war, but
none later.
It can only be presumed that the foregoing procedures at the camps
mentioned above held true at the other camps; however, this does not
seem to be probable due to the different existing conditions.
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